AlignMap In Cites
AlignMap In Cites offers annotated links to web sites, news, research, and other material relevant to treatment adherence & patient compliance. AlignMap In Cites, the AlignMap Web Site, the AlignMap Weblog, and the AlignMap Furl Archive are produced by Allan Showalter, MD
Small Prescription Price Increases Dramatically Affect Patient Adherence to Treatment
Excerpt: Dr. Jalpa Doshi and colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania looked at data from the Veterans Affairs Medical Association (VA) covering prescription and office visit information since 2002, when the VA instituted a $5 increase in the required copayment rate for 30 day prescriptions. After discovering trends that seemed to suggest that fewer patients were taking their medicines as prescribed, the team focused their research on the 24 months prior to the rate increase and the 24 months immediately following the rate increase. When compared to “category 1” veterans (who have no out of pocket fees for any medical services), all patients who experienced the increase had a declining rate in appropriate medication use after the $5 increase. Even more, the decrease was directly related to the increased cost, even though the actual cost was small. Overall, in the group of patients who had their copay rise by $5, the number of people taking their medications as prescribed fell by about 20%.
Controlled Trial of Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy Abstract: Directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) can improve health outcomes among HIV-infected drug users. An understanding of the utilization of DAART—initiation, adherence, and retention—is critical to successful program design. Here, we use the Behavioral Model to assess the enabling, predisposing, and need factors impacting adherence in our randomized, controlled trial of DAART versus self-administered therapy (SAT) among 141 HIV-infected drug users. Of 88 participants randomized to DAART, 74 (84%) initiated treatment, and 51 (69%) of those who initiated were retained in the program throughout the entire six-month period. Mean adherence to directly observed visits was 73%, and the mean overall composite adherence score was 77%. These results were seen despite the finding that 75% of participants indicated that they would prefer to take their own medications. Major causes of DAART discontinuation included hospitalization, incarceration, and entry into drug-treatment programs. The presence of depression and the lack of willingness to travel greater than four blocks to receive DAART predicted time-to-discontinuation.
Semi-Hiatus at AlignMap In Cites
Given the dearth of recent posts to AlignMap In Cites, this is, I suppose, a clarification rather than a notification.
A convergence of family and business responsibilities, the illness of a close friend, and some relatively minor but time-consuming healthcare issues of my own make routine updating of this miniblog as well as AlignMap.com impossible.
The most likely scenario for the immediate future has me sporadically and unpredictably posting items when the opportunity arises.
My hope is to return to my original 3-5 posts per week schedule when the current tempests are quelled.
High-Tech Treatment Adherence « Jessica Land
Patient responding to news of adherence monitoring device. Excerpt: Terrifying because, well, it might mean I have no way out of taking the drugs. If you’re non-compliant, doctor’s can “fire” you as their patient. Hence the reason many lie. For those who do fess up about their bad practices, there are endless reprisals from the physician. Again, a good reason to lie.
Star-Telegram.com: | 04/21/2008 | Disregarding doctors’ orders The quote in the heading may be my favorite of all the declarations made about improving patient compliance. My second favorite, also from this article, is No one wakes up and says, “Yes, today is a good day for a colonoscopy.”
In addition to offering great quotes, this piece is one of the best articles on noncompliance I’ve seen in the lay press. While it is not all-inclusive, it does also offer outstanding advice for patients coping with a difficult medication regimen (e.g., taking meds that produce severe side-effects). Heck, it’s even inspirational.
Poststroke Depression Does Not Decrease Women’s Compliance With Medications
After a stroke, women are more likely to become depressed and have poorer quality of life than men, but depressed men are more likely to stop taking their stroke-prevention medications, a new study found. Excerpt: It’s important to recognize that women are more likely to be depressed and to have poor quality of life after a stroke,” lead author Cheryl Bushnell, MD, associate professor of neurology at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, in Winston-Salem, NC, said in an interview with Medscape Neurology & Neurosurgery. “But we’ve been focusing on women recently, and I don’t think we fully understand what’s happening in men. If they’re deciding they don’t need their medications, that’s a problem.”
Computer feedback can help with lung disease
Excerpt: A computer feedback system can help patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) breathe better and improve their exercise capacity, according to a report in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. … ” Patients with COPD frequently practice pursed lip breathing, which prolongs exhalation, We thought if patients could have some visual feedback (with a computer system), we could teach them to do this better.” The visual feedback system …monitors patients’ breathing during exercise. As the patient breathes, the speed and depth of breathing is presented graphically on the computer monitor along with set goals for inhaling more slowly and exhaling more completely. …Testing at the end of the trial showed that patients who trained with the feedback system were able to exercise longer than those in the other groups. Such patients also increased their exhalation times to a greater extent than other patients and they were the only group to reduce the over-inflation of the lung that occurred during exercise.
SOURCE: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, April 15, 2008.
Strategies to Improve Medication Compliance by Medicare Beneficiaries — Wilensky 117 (10): 1252 — Circulation Quote derives from an editorial on the article referenced in the preceding AlignMap In Cites post. The author of the editorial (an economist) concludes “Low copayments for medically appropriate therapeutics are a fundamental part of value-based insurance. I support the concept. However, pressing for full coverage for specific pharmacotherapy classes on a disease-by-disease basis is not likely to be an effective way to fix the current program. The question is how to best move the current, fragmented, stove-piped system that characterizes Medicare to one that rewards physicians and institutions that provide high-quality cost-effective care to patients.”
I emphasize this conclusion because it is in keeping with my long held, redundantly reiterated stance that piecemeal attempts to enhance treatment adherence are not only intrinsically limited by the scope of that area of noncompliance but also because changes in one area of the healthcare system are likely to have unintended consequences elsewhere in the system that may reduce or even reverse whatever advantages the initial change might have wrought.
My only criticism of the editorial, in fact, is that its focus is restricted to healthcare needs of seniors and Medicare, which is yet another reiteration of the same problem of addressing the compliance issue piecemeal - only with larger pieces.
Cost-Effectiveness of Providing Full Drug Coverage to Increase Medication Adherence in Post-Myocardial Infarction Medicare Beneficiaries -- Choudhry et al. 117 (10): 1261 -- Circulation
Results (excerpt): In the model, post–myocardial infarction Medicare beneficiaries who received usual prescription drug coverage under the Part D program lived an average of 8.21 quality-adjusted life-years after their initial event, incurring coronary heart disease–related medical costs of $114 000. Those who received prescription drug coverage without deductibles or copayments lived an average of 8.56 quality-adjusted life-years and incurred $111 600 in coronary heart disease–related costs. Compared with current prescription drug coverage, full coverage for post–myocardial infarction secondary prevention therapies would result in greater functional life expectancy (0.35 quality-adjusted life-year) and less resource use ($2500). From the perspective of Medicare, full drug coverage was highly cost-effective ($7182/quality-adjusted life-year) but not cost saving.
Note that this estimate is based on an economic model rather than a study of actual patients.
How Can We Unlock the Mystery of Patient Nonadherence?
Brief comments from 4 physicians (technically, 3 physicians and 1 med student) about the subjective side of nonadherence. The thoughts are worthwhile and the ideas valid but there is little new here. Chapter headings are characteristic: We Need to Understand How Patients Really Live, Some Patients Need Firm Guidance, Physicians Need Multiple Approaches to Reach Different Patients, and Getting to Know the Patient Is Worth the Time InvestedHouse-to-house searches for twinkies and guns?
From Junkfood Science The blogger, Sandy Szwarc, BSN, RN, explores the possibility that governments could aggressively pursue public health issues, e.g., obesity prevention in children, to the extent of entering homes and interrogating citizens on eating habits. Whether or not one agrees with her arguments, she raises important issues about the appropriate limits of government intervening wit citizens’ rights “for their own good.” See related posts at AlignMap:More About Government Regulating Healthcare Compliance, Public Health Vs Informed Consent,Aussies Join Movement Fighting Obesity In ChildrenReality Check: Why Don’t Fat Women Get Checked for Cancer of the Nasty Bits? | BlogSheroes Worthwhile, impassioned take on one of the issues causing noncompliance (there are a batch of factoids such as those in the quote that ring true and are convincing) that is typically mentioned only in passing. While I suspect that obesity is rarely the only hurdle to adherence, I also suspect, especially after reading this post, that it deserves more attention than it currently receives. In any case, clinicians need to be aware of their own biases and not allow the to interfere with patient care.
From The Introduction: The Rotund points out a recent Reuters article about how clinically obese women are less likely to be screened for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer. And of course, researchers and journalists just can’t imagine why.
It’s not certain why obese women are less likely to get these screening tests, as few studies have been designed to look at the underlying reasons
Well, here’s one: Stigma and Discrimination in Weight Management and Obesity, by Kelly Brownell and Rebecca Pugh.
The article also references Barriers to routine gynelogical cancer screening for White and African-American obese women, by Amy, Aalborg, Lyons and Keranen.