AlignMap In Cites

AlignMap In Cites offers annotated links to web sites, news, research, and other material relevant to treatment adherence & patient compliance. AlignMap In Cites, the AlignMap Web Site, the AlignMap Weblog, and the AlignMap Furl Archive are produced by Allan Showalter, MD


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May 8, 2008 4:31am
May 6, 2008 9:12pm
Controlled Trial of Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy  Abstract: Directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) can improve health outcomes among HIV-infected drug users. An understanding of the utilization of DAART—initiation, adherence, and retention—is critical to successful program design. Here, we use the Behavioral Model to assess the enabling, predisposing, and need factors impacting adherence in our randomized, controlled trial of DAART versus self-administered therapy (SAT) among 141 HIV-infected drug users. Of 88 participants randomized to DAART, 74 (84%) initiated treatment, and 51 (69%) of those who initiated were retained in the program throughout the entire six-month period. Mean adherence to directly observed visits was 73%, and the mean overall composite adherence score was 77%. These results were seen despite the finding that 75% of participants indicated that they would prefer to take their own medications. Major causes of DAART discontinuation included hospitalization, incarceration, and entry into drug-treatment programs. The presence of depression and the lack of willingness to travel greater than four blocks to receive DAART predicted time-to-discontinuation.

Controlled Trial of Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy  Abstract: Directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) can improve health outcomes among HIV-infected drug users. An understanding of the utilization of DAART—initiation, adherence, and retention—is critical to successful program design. Here, we use the Behavioral Model to assess the enabling, predisposing, and need factors impacting adherence in our randomized, controlled trial of DAART versus self-administered therapy (SAT) among 141 HIV-infected drug users. Of 88 participants randomized to DAART, 74 (84%) initiated treatment, and 51 (69%) of those who initiated were retained in the program throughout the entire six-month period. Mean adherence to directly observed visits was 73%, and the mean overall composite adherence score was 77%. These results were seen despite the finding that 75% of participants indicated that they would prefer to take their own medications. Major causes of DAART discontinuation included hospitalization, incarceration, and entry into drug-treatment programs. The presence of depression and the lack of willingness to travel greater than four blocks to receive DAART predicted time-to-discontinuation.

May 6, 2008 7:06am

Semi-Hiatus at AlignMap In Cites

Given the dearth of recent posts to AlignMap In Cites, this is, I suppose, a clarification rather than a notification.

 A convergence of family and business responsibilities, the illness of a close friend, and some relatively minor but time-consuming healthcare issues of my own make routine updating of this miniblog as well as AlignMap.com impossible.

The most likely scenario for the immediate future has me sporadically and unpredictably posting items when the opportunity arises. 

 My hope is to return to my original 3-5 posts per week schedule when the current tempests are quelled.

Apr 24, 2008 5:08pm
Is lying to doctors destined to be a thing of the past? -

High-Tech Treatment Adherence « Jessica Land

 Patient responding to news of adherence monitoring device. Excerpt: Terrifying because, well, it might mean I have no way out of taking the drugs. If you’re non-compliant, doctor’s can “fire” you as their patient. Hence the reason many lie. For those who do fess up about their bad practices, there are endless reprisals from the physician. Again, a good reason to lie.

Apr 22, 2008 8:20am
Getting people to do the things they need to do to keep themselves healthy is tricky. -

Star-Telegram.com: | 04/21/2008 | Disregarding doctors’ orders The quote in the heading may be my favorite of all the declarations made about improving patient compliance. My second favorite, also from this article, is No one wakes up and says, “Yes, today is a good day for a colonoscopy.”

In addition to offering great quotes, this piece is one of the best articles on noncompliance I’ve seen in the lay press. While it is not all-inclusive, it does also offer outstanding advice for patients coping with a difficult medication regimen (e.g., taking meds that produce severe side-effects). Heck, it’s even inspirational.

Apr 22, 2008 8:04am
A breath-monitoring device … allow[s] patients to participate in a type of virtual DOT [directly observed therapy] from home. - [Note: Source is Press Release.] Scientists test device to track medication adherence in patients with HIV/AIDS Excerpt: The researchers developed the adherence monitor by incorporating minute amounts of an alcohol into a gel capsule. The additive, called 2-butanol, is one of many GRAS — Generally Recognized as Safe — compounds approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in foods. “We wanted (patients) to swallow a chemical and have it transform into something else that’s easy to monitor,” said Matthew Booth, Ph.D., an assistant professor of anesthesiology at the UF College of Medicine and an investigator in the study. “When it hits the stomach lining and liver, an enzyme converts the alcohol to a gas that can be measured in the breath. To determine how well the byproduct could be detected, six healthy volunteers swallowed empty pills in which the capsules contained trace amounts of 2-butanol. After five to 10 minutes, the scientists could measure the volatile byproduct in the volunteers’ breath using a small detector. The scientists say their device could also be used to monitor medication adherence in patients with other communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis. It is encouraging that the biological and chemical elements of the adherence system work as predicted. We were able to conclusively show who swallowed the capsules containing the 2-butanol. With further optimization, we are optimistic the device will perform very well,” said Donn Dennis, M.D., the Joachim S. Gravenstein professor of anesthesiology at the UF College of Medicine and an investigator in the study. The researchers say the device may prove equally helpful for monitoring adherence in clinical trials. 
Apr 20, 2008 8:17am
Often, the difficulty with “compliance” with health care recommendations is unconscious even to those having the problems. - Albany Democrat Herald: Integrative primary care watches wellbeing Quote is from article author, Dr. Mary Ann Wallace. Excerpt: To make the lifestyle and behavioral changes often needed for our state of health, we must pay attention to the many components that go into our choices and decision making. For example, a number of years ago, while working as an epidemiologist for the State Health Division, we were struggling with a tuberculosis outbreak in one of the downtown Asian districts. It was not until a nurse made a home visit that we uncovered the fact that nobody was taking their medicine. True to their culture, the patients arrived every month at the TB clinic to pick up their medication and politely answer all the questions asked of them. And also true to their culture they, without disagreeing with the health professionals, then took their medicine home and put it in their cupboards — along with the rest of the accumulated unopened bottles. Why? It was the wrong color. In their cultural belief, different types of illnesses required certain color medication.
 
Apr 18, 2008 7:52pm
Despite being more depressed, women were still more likely to take their medications. -

Poststroke Depression Does Not Decrease Women’s Compliance With Medications

 After a stroke, women are more likely to become depressed and have poorer quality of life than men, but depressed men are more likely to stop taking their stroke-prevention medications, a new study found. Excerpt: It’s important to recognize that women are more likely to be depressed and to have poor quality of life after a stroke,” lead author Cheryl Bushnell, MD, associate professor of neurology at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, in Winston-Salem, NC, said in an interview with Medscape Neurology & Neurosurgery. “But we’ve been focusing on women recently, and I don’t think we fully understand what’s happening in men. If they’re deciding they don’t need their medications, that’s a problem.”

Apr 16, 2008 10:24am
Apr 13, 2008 8:25am
The strong effects in this research suggest that in the context of limited resources, patient adherence to chronic disease regimens can best be achieved by improving health professional-patient communication and by insuring that patients believe in the necessity and efficacy of treatment, and have adequate support for adherence. Screening for, and reducing, patient depression and family conflict likely can improve patient adherence. - Patient Adherence: Lessons from Five Decades of Research. Report by DiMatteo based on “All empirical articles on adherence published in peer-reviewed, English language journals from 1948 through 2002”
Apr 13, 2008 6:43am
Fixing Medicare to better reflect the medical conditions confronting seniors and providing incentives for the proper care of these patients is going to require much more change than just pressing for the full coverage of specific medications on a disease-by-disease basis -

Strategies to Improve Medication Compliance by Medicare Beneficiaries — Wilensky 117 (10): 1252 — Circulation Quote derives from an editorial on the article referenced in the preceding AlignMap In Cites post. The author of the editorial (an economist) concludes “Low copayments for medically appropriate therapeutics are a fundamental part of value-based insurance. I support the concept. However, pressing for full coverage for specific pharmacotherapy classes on a disease-by-disease basis is not likely to be an effective way to fix the current program. The question is how to best move the current, fragmented, stove-piped system that characterizes Medicare to one that rewards physicians and institutions that provide high-quality cost-effective care to patients.”

I emphasize this conclusion because it is in keeping with my long held, redundantly reiterated stance that piecemeal attempts to enhance treatment adherence are not only intrinsically limited by the scope of that area of noncompliance but also because changes in one area of the healthcare system are likely to have unintended consequences elsewhere in the system that may reduce or even reverse whatever advantages the initial change might have wrought.

My only criticism of the editorial, in fact, is that its focus is restricted to healthcare needs of seniors and Medicare, which is yet another reiteration of the same problem of addressing the compliance issue piecemeal - only with larger pieces.

Apr 13, 2008 6:17am
Apr 8, 2008 5:52pm
Apr 8, 2008 5:27pm
Mar 27, 2008 8:04am
24% of nurses are repulsed by fat people. 17% of doctors don’t want to put a speculum up a fat woman’s vagina. (Do they enjoy giving pelvics to thin women? ‘Cause, ew.) A majority of medical students think fat people are ‘lazy, sloppy, and lacking in self-control.’ -

Reality Check: Why Don’t Fat Women Get Checked for Cancer of the Nasty Bits? | BlogSheroes Worthwhile, impassioned take on one of the issues causing noncompliance (there are a batch of factoids such as those in the quote that ring true and are convincing) that is typically mentioned only in passing. While I suspect that obesity is rarely the only hurdle to adherence, I also suspect, especially after reading this post, that it deserves more attention than it currently receives. In any case, clinicians need to be aware of their own biases and not allow the to interfere with patient care.

From The Introduction: The Rotund points out a recent Reuters article about how clinically obese women are less likely to be screened for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer. And of course, researchers and journalists just can’t imagine why.

It’s not certain why obese women are less likely to get these screening tests, as few studies have been designed to look at the underlying reasons

Well, here’s one: Stigma and Discrimination in Weight Management and Obesity, by Kelly Brownell and Rebecca Pugh.

The article also references Barriers to routine gynelogical cancer screening for White and African-American obese women, by Amy, Aalborg, Lyons and Keranen.

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